In 1956, Villanova University's department of mathematics inaugurated the Master of Arts in the mathematics program. One question which often arises about this program is why it is called a Master of Arts rather than a Master of Science. The most likely explanation is that two years earlier, in 1954, the department had begun to offer a Master of Science in applied statistics. The existence of the Master of Science in applied statistics has proven to be beneficial to the Master of Arts in mathematics because it allows mathematics students to take courses such as statistical theory as electives.

The applied statistics program offers a course of study which focuses on the training of statisticians for industry, government and academia. For many students, this will represent a final graduate statistics degree, offering them greater potential for professional advancement. For some students, this degree will be a stepping-stone toward a doctorate in statistics or in a related field. The program's flexibility permits students to take courses in areas related to applied statistics such as applied mathematics, pure mathematics and computer science.